Once again, we see how trauma has affected Joe and changed his character significantly. However, Joe is ultimately unable to hide his fears and anxiety. Joe attempts to tap into his "former self," a teenager characterized by a confidence informed by ignorance and naivety. Perhaps it is because he must now face the trauma of healing.
Although the plan has been meticulously thought through and rehearsed, Joe is still shocked by the finality of Linden's death. JoeĪfter Joe and Cappy murder Linden Lark, the protagonist is deeply affected by his own actions. I spoke childishly, in a sudden fury of excitement that wasn't fake. I had prepared to answer this question and to answer it the way the old Joe from before this summer would answer. Joe realizes that the only way he can bring justice to Geraldine and Mayla-and prevent further harm from occurring-is to take matters into his own hands. Previously, Joe had been concerned about his motivations for killing Linden-was he motivated by vengeance, and would he be eternally haunted by an unwavering sense of guilt? However, as time progresses, Geraldine's case stays unsolved, and Linden remains able to roam freely in society without consequence. After he learns about wiindigoo justice from Mooshum, Joe has a moral and cultural basis for pursuing his plan. In this quote, Joe changes his perspective surrounding his decision to murder Linden Lark. "I realized that my deceits were of no consequence, as I was dedicated to a purpose which I'd named in my mind not vengeance but justice." Joe Joe notices how Agent Bjerke treats his mother's case, and he grows increasingly frustrated at the government's malpractice surrounding the crimes in which Native Americans are victims. Agent Bjerke has a flippant attitude that seems to allude to his frustration with "hysterical women." His use of the phrase "to talk" is demeaning and reflects his inability to sympathize or connect with Geraldine. Geraldine, still reeling from the unexpected act of violence, is unable to describe what has happened to her. "Would it help if we had a woman? To talk? We can get a female agent to drive over from our Memphis office."įollowing Geraldine's attack, numerous men force her to share the details of the crime. Although Joe wants to resolve his problems quickly, it will take years for him to heal from the trauma he experiences.
Joe's tone in the above quote is a nod to his former sense of innocence. In this way, ghosts represent the enduring, haunting effects of trauma. Joe's belief in ghosts and his experiences with supernatural visions are results of his vulnerability-Joe is trying to piece together his world after his reality has disintegrated. Following Geraldine's attack, Joe's naivety is entirely shattered. Ghosts and other supernatural figures are recurring motifs throughout the novel.
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